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Apodi, J. & Amedorme, S. K. (2018). Design and Construction of Solar Water Heater for the Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management Department of Bolgatanga Polytechnic. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 7,
Abstract
Solar water heating system consists of a collector plate to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water which can be used for domestic, industrial and small institutional purposes. This paper presents a systematic design and construction of solar water heater for use in the Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management (H.C.I.M) Department of the Bolgatanga Polytechnic in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The solar water heater was well constructed using locally available materials. A plain glass was used as a collector plate and an aluminium sheet metal obtained from a scrap yard painted black was used as an absorber plate. In addition, copper pipes attached to the absorber plate as fluid carrying tubes were also designed. The solar energy incident on the coated absorber plate transfers the heat to the fluid carrying pipes underneath the absorber plate placed in an insulated casing with a transparent glass cover having a cold and a hot water tank integrated in the system. The water passing through the pipes gets heated and flows into a storage tank by the principle of thermosyphon system. When tested, a maximum fluid output temperature of 80oC was observed at a maximum collector temperature of 55oC with ambient temperature of 37°C, and solar radiation 4.61 kWh/m2/day on a good sunny day. A total amount of 50 litres of hot water was harnessed which was in excess of hot water needed in the Department. This solar water heating system which is a renewable energy resource will continue to serve the heating needs of the Department and the Polytechnic at large since the area has abundant and consistent solar radiation. Keywords: Design and construction; solar water heaters; solar energy, collector plate, natural circulation
Solar water heating system consists of a collector plate to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water which can be used for domestic, industrial and small institutional purposes. This paper presents a systematic design and construction of solar water heater for use in the Hotel, Catering and Institutional Management (H.C.I.M) Department of the Bolgatanga Polytechnic in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The solar water heater was well constructed using locally available materials. A plain glass was used as a collector plate and an aluminium sheet metal obtained from a scrap yard painted black was used as an absorber plate. In addition, copper pipes attached to the absorber plate as fluid carrying tubes were also designed. The solar energy incident on the coated absorber plate transfers the heat to the fluid carrying pipes underneath the absorber plate placed in an insulated casing with a transparent glass cover having a cold and a hot water tank integrated in the system. The water passing through the pipes gets heated and flows into a storage tank by the principle of thermosyphon system. When tested, a maximum fluid output temperature of 80oC was observed at a maximum collector temperature of 55oC with ambient temperature of 37°C, and solar radiation 4.61 kWh/m2/day on a good sunny day. A total amount of 50 litres of hot water was harnessed which was in excess of hot water needed in the Department. This solar water heating system which is a renewable energy resource will continue to serve the heating needs of the Department and the Polytechnic at large since the area has abundant and consistent solar radiation. Keywords: Design and construction; solar water heaters; solar energy, collector plate, natural circulation
Amedorme, S. K. & Apodi, J. (2018). Numerical Analysis Of Soot Formation In Gasoline Direct And Port Fuel Injection Engines. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7,
Abstract
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine has the advantages of improving on pollutants in vehicle exhaust emissions significantly and tendency to reduce fuel consumption because of lean burning mixture. This engine is considered environmental friendly since it emits less toxic gases compared to the traditional carburetted or Port Fuel Injection (PFI) spark ignition engines. The modeling process of GDI engine is basically the same as PFI engine except the location of the fuel injector and also in early injection conditions, the characteristics of the two engines are similar. Although the gasoline (DI) engines are less harmful to the environment due to its high thermal efficiency and good performance in fuel consumption, it has some drawbacks of producing more nitrogen oxides (NOX) at high temperature and soot. In addition, stricter emission standards and regulations require that the two engines should constantly be investigated and optimized in order to obtain desirable results. This paper presents and compares numerical model for soot formation in GDI and PFI engines at various engine running conditions and air-fuel ratios (AFRs). The Feng Tao’s soot formation model is modified to suit gasoline engine conditions and implemented in GT-Power for GDI and PFI engines. The GT-Power code simulates the engine running conditions and evaluates the soot formed with crank angles at different engine speeds from 1000rpm to 6000rpm. The results show that for PFI engines the peak value of soot formed in mole fraction between compression and power strokes decreases as engine speed increases with the peak value of 0.0795 and 0.022 respectively at crank angle close to zero degrees for the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio(AFR) of 11.68. On the other hand, in the GDI engine, the amount of soot formed first increases in its peak values with increasing limiting engine speeds and begins to decrease for engine speeds from 4000rpm to 6000rpm. At the same engine speeds for the two engines, the results show that the peak values of soot formed for PFI is higher than the peak values of GDI engine but the total amount of soot generated in GDI engine is far more than PFI engine. Further analysis in terms of the influence of AFRs on the soot formation for the same engine speed for both PFI and GDI engines shows that increasing the AFR leads to the reduction in the amount of soot formed. Key words: Gasoline direction injection (GDI), Port Fuel Injection (PFI), soot formation, air-fuel ratio (AFR), engine speeds
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine has the advantages of improving on pollutants in vehicle exhaust emissions significantly and tendency to reduce fuel consumption because of lean burning mixture. This engine is considered environmental friendly since it emits less toxic gases compared to the traditional carburetted or Port Fuel Injection (PFI) spark ignition engines. The modeling process of GDI engine is basically the same as PFI engine except the location of the fuel injector and also in early injection conditions, the characteristics of the two engines are similar. Although the gasoline (DI) engines are less harmful to the environment due to its high thermal efficiency and good performance in fuel consumption, it has some drawbacks of producing more nitrogen oxides (NOX) at high temperature and soot. In addition, stricter emission standards and regulations require that the two engines should constantly be investigated and optimized in order to obtain desirable results. This paper presents and compares numerical model for soot formation in GDI and PFI engines at various engine running conditions and air-fuel ratios (AFRs). The Feng Tao’s soot formation model is modified to suit gasoline engine conditions and implemented in GT-Power for GDI and PFI engines. The GT-Power code simulates the engine running conditions and evaluates the soot formed with crank angles at different engine speeds from 1000rpm to 6000rpm. The results show that for PFI engines the peak value of soot formed in mole fraction between compression and power strokes decreases as engine speed increases with the peak value of 0.0795 and 0.022 respectively at crank angle close to zero degrees for the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio(AFR) of 11.68. On the other hand, in the GDI engine, the amount of soot formed first increases in its peak values with increasing limiting engine speeds and begins to decrease for engine speeds from 4000rpm to 6000rpm. At the same engine speeds for the two engines, the results show that the peak values of soot formed for PFI is higher than the peak values of GDI engine but the total amount of soot generated in GDI engine is far more than PFI engine. Further analysis in terms of the influence of AFRs on the soot formation for the same engine speed for both PFI and GDI engines shows that increasing the AFR leads to the reduction in the amount of soot formed. Key words: Gasoline direction injection (GDI), Port Fuel Injection (PFI), soot formation, air-fuel ratio (AFR), engine speeds
Current Research in Combustion: A Forum for Young Researchers and Early Career Researchers*S.K. Amedorme*Lecturer*IOP Institute of Physics, Combustion Physics Group*Loughborough University, UK*9 September, 2015*9 September, 2015
Amedorme, S.K., (2016). Automotive Electrical Systems.
Abstract
Amedorme,S.K. & Apodi, J. (2016). Influence of Density Ratio on Turbulence in Two Phase Flow. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 3,
Abstract
An entirely Eulerian approach treating two phase flow as a single phase with large scale features of the flow dependent only upon density variation is carried out. The average density for the two fluids is defined in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD commercial code STAR-CCM+ and a transport equation tracking the liquid mass fraction models the turbulent mixing of liquid. Standard k-epsilon model is used for the turbulence. The paper shows the results of average density on turbulence and presents the contour plots of flow and turbulence fields such as turbulent kinetic energy and its rate of dissipation. The variations in the density ratios in relation to turbulent parameters are also presented and the noticeable changes in the turbulent quantities are analysed. Key words: Eulerian Model, Density Ratio, Liquid Mass Fraction, Turbulent and Flow Fields
An entirely Eulerian approach treating two phase flow as a single phase with large scale features of the flow dependent only upon density variation is carried out. The average density for the two fluids is defined in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD commercial code STAR-CCM+ and a transport equation tracking the liquid mass fraction models the turbulent mixing of liquid. Standard k-epsilon model is used for the turbulence. The paper shows the results of average density on turbulence and presents the contour plots of flow and turbulence fields such as turbulent kinetic energy and its rate of dissipation. The variations in the density ratios in relation to turbulent parameters are also presented and the noticeable changes in the turbulent quantities are analysed. Key words: Eulerian Model, Density Ratio, Liquid Mass Fraction, Turbulent and Flow Fields
Amedorme,S.K.& Fiagbe,Y.A.K. (2016). Modification of an Existing Small Hydraulic Jack for Lifting Light Duty Vehicle. International Journal of Science and Technology, 5,
Abstract
Hydraulic jack has been used extensively in the maintenance, servicing and repairing of motor vehicles. Although the hydraulic jack serves a wide range of purpose, it has one major problem of unexpected hydraulic failure. This has called for the use of a mechanism or an axle stand when the hydraulic jack is in use. Most often, drivers carry the jack forgetting to go along with the stand. And in the event of any repairs on the road have to use incorrect undersigned or unprescribed supports to assist the jack. This paper highlights on the modification of an existing small hydraulic jack for lifting light duty vehicle. The modified jack has been incorporated with reasonable clutch top, simple locking mechanism and sizeable base to support the weight of the vehicle in the event of any hydraulic failure. The distortion energy theory (DET) is used to predict failure and check the factor of safety. The new modification makes the jack serves multi-purpose function of lifting and acting as supporting unit. It also prevents the frustrations the drivers go through in search for undersigned lifting supports between trips when they encounter a flat tyre as well as eliminates the burden mechanics go through in fixing an axle stand. Key words: Modified Hydraulic Jack, Hydraulic Failure, Failure Prediction, Von Mises
Hydraulic jack has been used extensively in the maintenance, servicing and repairing of motor vehicles. Although the hydraulic jack serves a wide range of purpose, it has one major problem of unexpected hydraulic failure. This has called for the use of a mechanism or an axle stand when the hydraulic jack is in use. Most often, drivers carry the jack forgetting to go along with the stand. And in the event of any repairs on the road have to use incorrect undersigned or unprescribed supports to assist the jack. This paper highlights on the modification of an existing small hydraulic jack for lifting light duty vehicle. The modified jack has been incorporated with reasonable clutch top, simple locking mechanism and sizeable base to support the weight of the vehicle in the event of any hydraulic failure. The distortion energy theory (DET) is used to predict failure and check the factor of safety. The new modification makes the jack serves multi-purpose function of lifting and acting as supporting unit. It also prevents the frustrations the drivers go through in search for undersigned lifting supports between trips when they encounter a flat tyre as well as eliminates the burden mechanics go through in fixing an axle stand. Key words: Modified Hydraulic Jack, Hydraulic Failure, Failure Prediction, Von Mises
Amedorme, S.K. & Burluka, A.A. (2017). Numerical Prediction of Sauter Mean Diameter from Pressure Swirl Atomizer Using Eulerian Model. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7,
Abstract
Atomizers are used in many engineering applications including spray combustion in furnaces, diesel engines, gasoline direct injection engines and gas turbine engines. Pressure swirl atomizers occupy a special position amongst other atomizers because they differ in quality of atomization, simplicity of construction, reliability of operation, low clogging and low expenditure of energy. Turbulence behaviour and the mean droplet size are indispensable considerations in the sprays and atomization process of pressure swirl atomizers. This paper presents entirely Eulerian modelling of two phase flow in a pressure swirl atomizer as a single multi-component phase with high density variations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial code STAR-CD. The transport equations for the liquid surface density and liquid mass fraction are modelled for the flow and turbulent fields. Numerical results such as liquid mass fraction and liquid surface density are presented. The model also shows the results of atomization characteristics such as droplet velocity and predicts Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) with reasonable order-of- magnitudes. Key words: Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), Droplet Velocity, Eulerian Modelling, Liquid Mass Fraction, Liquid Surface Density
Atomizers are used in many engineering applications including spray combustion in furnaces, diesel engines, gasoline direct injection engines and gas turbine engines. Pressure swirl atomizers occupy a special position amongst other atomizers because they differ in quality of atomization, simplicity of construction, reliability of operation, low clogging and low expenditure of energy. Turbulence behaviour and the mean droplet size are indispensable considerations in the sprays and atomization process of pressure swirl atomizers. This paper presents entirely Eulerian modelling of two phase flow in a pressure swirl atomizer as a single multi-component phase with high density variations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial code STAR-CD. The transport equations for the liquid surface density and liquid mass fraction are modelled for the flow and turbulent fields. Numerical results such as liquid mass fraction and liquid surface density are presented. The model also shows the results of atomization characteristics such as droplet velocity and predicts Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) with reasonable order-of- magnitudes. Key words: Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), Droplet Velocity, Eulerian Modelling, Liquid Mass Fraction, Liquid Surface Density
